JOSEPH R. ANTOS is the Wilson H. Taylor Scholar in Health Care and Retirement Policy at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI). He also is a Commissioner of the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission, and a member of the panel of health policy advisers for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). Prior to joining AEI, Antos was Assistant Director for Health and Human Resources at the CBO and he held senior positions in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Office of Management and Budget, and the President’s Council of Economic Advisers.